A physical Recreational Therapy program designed for people with Serious Mental Illness.
Rationale
People with serious mental illness (SMI) tend to participate in less physical activities over time (Pennix et al., 2000), and are more likely to experience severe depressive symptoms associated with increased average minutes of sedentary behavior (Leutwyler et. alt., 2013). People with SMI demonstrate lower engagement levels in physical activity as compared to the general population (Mata et al., 2012). Thus, people with SMI tend to show decreased physical activity which can lead to secondary issues such as obesity/high BMI (Beebe, & Harris, 2012) and chronic renal failure ( Schwee et al., 2019). This can lead to severe depressive symptoms which may result in further decreased performance in physical activities (Leutwyler et. alt., 2013) that can create barriers to exercise (i.e. high levels of stress, somatic comorbidities, lack of self confidence and support) (Vancamport et al., 2017). Mortality rates are at least twice those of the general population (Pearsall et. alt., 2014). Research shows a bidirectional relationship between depression and sedentary lifestyles as a result of poor physical exercise (Roshanael-Moghaddam et al., 2009).
Sessions will target:
Increased Knowledge & Awareness of Leisure Activities (table 2.2)
The Concept of Leisure and its relation to Quality of Life (table 2.2)
Personal References for Leisure Involvement (table 2.3)
Prioritizing Leisure within one’s total lifestyle (table 2.4)
Increased Knowledge of Leisure Planning Skills (table 2.5)
Increased Knowledge of Allocating Personal Resources for Leisure Involvement (table 2.5)
Increased Knowledge of and Improved Conversation Skills (table 2.8)
Increased Knowledge of and Improved Active Listening Skills and Responsive Behavior (table 2.8)
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Figure 2.1. Leisure Education Content Model (Stumbo & Peterson, 2009).
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References:
Beebe, L. H., & Harris, R. F. (2012, December). Description of physical activity in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Retrieved February 05, 2021, from https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.temple.edu/doi/full/10.1111/inm.12008
Janney, C., Fagiolini, A., Swartz, H., Jakici, M., Holleman, R., & Richardson, C. (2014). Are adults with bipolar disorder active? Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior using accelerometry. Journal of Affective Disorders, 152-154, 498-504 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032713006836
Leutwyler, H., Hubbard, E. M., Jeste, D. V., Miller, B., & Vinogradov, S. (2014). Associations of schizophrenia symptoms and neurocognition with physical activity in older adults with schizophrenia. Biological research for nursing, 16(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800413500845
Mata, J., Thompson, R. J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). Walk on the bright side: Physical activity and affect in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 297–308. https://doi-org.libproxy.temple.edu/10.1037/a0023533
Pearsall, R., Smith, D. J., Pelosi, A., & Geddes, J. (2014). Exercise therapy in adults with serious mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 117. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.temple.edu/10.1186/1471-244X-14-117
Penninx, B. W., Deeg, D. J., van Eijk, J. T., Beekman, A. T., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000). Changes in depression and physical decline in older adults: a longitudinal perspective. Journal of affective disorders, 61(1-2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00152-x
Roshanael-Moghaddam MD, B., Katon MD, W. J., & Russo PhD, J. (2009, August). The Longitudinal Effects of Depression on Physical Activity. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.temple.edu/science/article/pii/S0163834309000607
Scheewe, T., Jörg, F., Takken, T., Deenik, J., Vancampfort, D., Backx, F., & Cahn, W. (2019, February 7). Low physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia: A comparison with matched healthy controls and associations with mental and physical health. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00087/full.